Shakisha igice cyibibazo kugirango umenye ubushishozi bwerekeye ibikoresho mpuzamahanga, hibandwa cyane ku mizigo iremereye kandi iremereye.Waba ufite amatsiko yo kumenya ibyujuje ubunini burenze urugero, imbogamizi zirimo, cyangwa inyandiko zingenzi zisabwa mu gutwara imizigo mpuzamahanga, dufite ibisubizo ushaka.Kugira ubumenyi bwimbitse kuri uyu murima wihariye nuburyo twemeza gutwara neza kandi neza ibicuruzwa byawe byiza.
Imizigo irenze kandi iremereye, mu rwego rwo gutanga ibikoresho mpuzamahanga, bivuga ibicuruzwa birenze urugero rusanzwe n’uburemere bwashyizweho n’amabwiriza yo gutwara abantu.Mubisanzwe harimo imizigo irenze uburebure ntarengwa, ubugari, uburebure, cyangwa uburemere bwashyizweho nubwikorezi, ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere, cyangwa abashinzwe gutwara abantu ku butaka.
Gutwara imizigo minini kandi iremereye bitera ibibazo byinshi mubikoresho mpuzamahanga.Izi mbogamizi zirimo:
1. Ibikorwa remezo bigarukira: Kuboneka cyangwa ibikorwa remezo bidahagije ku byambu, ku bibuga by’indege, cyangwa ku mihanda bishobora kubangamira ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byihariye bisabwa ku mizigo, nka crane, forklifts, na romoruki.
2. Kubahiriza amategeko n'amabwiriza: Kubahiriza amabwiriza yigihugu ndetse n’amahanga agenga impushya, kubuza umuhanda, na protocole y'umutekano ni ngombwa.Kugenda ukoresheje aya mabwiriza birashobora kugorana kandi bitwara igihe.
3. Gutegura inzira nibishoboka: Kumenya inzira zikwiye zo gutwara urebye ingano yimizigo, uburemere, nibibujijwe munzira ni ngombwa.Ibintu nkibiraro bito, imihanda migufi, cyangwa ahantu hagabanijwe ibiro bigomba kubarwa kugirango bitangwe neza.
4. Umutekano n'umutekano: Guharanira umutekano w'imizigo n'abakozi bagize uruhare mu gutwara no gutwara abantu ni byo by'ingenzi.Uburyo bukwiye bwo kurinda umutekano, gutondeka, no gufata neza bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango hagabanuke ingaruka mugihe cyo gutambuka.
5. Gutekereza ku biciro: Imizigo irenze kandi iremereye akenshi itwara amafaranga menshi yo gutwara abantu kubera ibikoresho byihariye, impushya, abaherekeza, hamwe n’ubukererwe.Kugereranya ibiciro neza hamwe na bije biba ngombwa mugutegura neza ibikoresho.
Kugenzura uburyo bwo gutwara neza imizigo iremereye kandi iremereye ikubiyemo ingamba nyinshi, harimo:
1. Isuzuma rirambuye ry'imizigo: Gukora isuzuma ryuzuye ry'ubunini bw'imizigo, uburemere, n'ibisabwa bidasanzwe byo gufata ni ngombwa.Ibi bifasha kumenya ibikoresho bikwiye, gupakira, hamwe nuburyo bukenewe bwo gutwara neza.
2. Ubuhanga n'uburambe: Kwinjiza inzobere mu bikoresho bya logisti kabuhariwe mu gutwara imizigo iremereye kandi iremereye ni ngombwa.Ubuhanga bwabo mu gutegura inzira, kubungabunga imizigo, no kubahiriza ibipimo by’umutekano bituma inzira yo gutwara abantu igenda neza kandi itekanye.
3. Ibisubizo byubwikorezi bwihariye: Kudoda ibisubizo byubwikorezi kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byimizigo ni ngombwa.Ibi birashobora kuba bikubiyemo gukoresha romoruki kabuhariwe, crane, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bikwiranye no gutwara imizigo minini.Byongeye kandi, gutegura impushya zikenewe no guherekeza ukurikije ibiranga imizigo ni ngombwa.
4. Porotokole ikomeye yumutekano: Gushyira mubikorwa protocole yumutekano mugihe cyose cyo gutwara abantu ni ngombwa.Ibi bikubiyemo imizigo ikwiye hamwe no gutondekanya, kugenzura buri gihe, kubahiriza amabwiriza y’umutekano, hamwe n’ubwishingizi buhagije bwo kugabanya ingaruka zishobora kubaho.
5. Gukomeza gukurikirana no gutumanaho: Kubungabunga uburyo nyabwo bwo gukurikirana no gutumanaho bifasha buri gihe kugenzura aho imizigo ihagaze.Ibi bituma habaho gutabara mugihe habaye ibihe bitunguranye cyangwa ibyahinduwe bikenewe mugihe cyo gutambuka.
Gutwara imizigo minini kandi iremereye ku rwego mpuzamahanga bisaba ibyangombwa bikurikira:
1. Umushinga w'itegeko (B / L): AB / L ikora nk'amasezerano yo gutwara hagati yabatwara nuwayitwaye.Harimo ibisobanuro nkibyoherejwe, uwabitumwe, ibisobanuro byimizigo, nuburyo bwo gutwara.
2. Urutonde rwo gupakira: Iyi nyandiko itanga ibarura rirambuye ryimizigo itwarwa, harimo ibipimo, uburemere, namabwiriza yihariye yo gufata.
3. Inyandiko za gasutamo: Bitewe n’ibihugu bireba, inyandiko za gasutamo nka fagitire z’ubucuruzi, imenyekanisha ry’ibicuruzwa / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, n’impapuro zemeza ibicuruzwa.
4. Impushya no Kwemererwa bidasanzwe: Imizigo irenze urugero isaba uruhushya rwihariye cyangwa ibyemezo byabashinzwe gutwara abantu.Izi nyandiko zerekana kubahiriza amabwiriza yerekeye ibipimo, uburemere, nibindi bisabwa byihariye.
Twizera "igisubizo mbere, amagambo ya kabiri".Niba imizigo yawe ibitswe neza uhereye mugitangira uzigama ibiciro nigihe.Inzobere zacu zidasanzwe zitwara imizigo zitanga ubwikorezi bwizewe kandi bwizewe - hamwe no kugera k'imizigo yawe irenze urugero kandi neza.Uburambe bwimyaka myinshi butuma uhitamo bwa mbere kubibazo byawe bidasanzwe.
Kugufasha mubibazo byihariye byo gutwara imizigo, abahanga bacu bakeneye amakuru akurikira:
1. Ibipimo (uburebure, ubugari, uburebure)
2. Uburemere bwose harimo no gupakira
3. Umubare hamwe n’ahantu ho guterura & gukubita
4. Amafoto, ibishushanyo namakuru ashyigikira (niba ahari)
5. Ubwoko bwibicuruzwa / imizigo (ibicuruzwa)
6. Ubwoko bwo gupakira
7. Itariki yiteguye