Isoko: Ikinyamakuru cya China Ocean Shipping e-Magazine, 6 Werurwe 2023.
Nubwo icyifuzo cyagabanutse kandi igipimo cy’imizigo kigabanuka, ibikorwa byo gukodesha amato y’amakontena biracyakomeje ku isoko ry’amato y’amakontena, ryageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mateka mu bijyanye n’ingano y’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe.
Igipimo cy’ubukode bw’ubwato buriho ubu kiri hasi cyane ugereranije n’igihe cyari giteganijwe. Mu gihe cy’igihe kinini, ubukode bw’ubwato buto butwara amakonteyineri mu gihe cy’amezi atatu bushobora gutwara kugeza ku madolari 200.000 ku munsi, mu gihe ubukode bw’ubwato buciriritse bushobora kugera ku madolari 60.000 ku munsi mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu. Ariko, iyo minsi yarashize kandi ntibishoboka ko izagaruka.
George Youroukos, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Global Ship Lease (GSL), aherutse kuvuga ko "ubusabe bwo gukodesha butigeze bushira, igihe cyose ubusabe bugikomeje, ubucuruzi bwo gukodesha amato buzakomeza."
Moritz Furhmann, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa MPC Containers, yemera ko "ibiciro by'ubukode byakomeje kuba bihamye hejuru y'impuzandengo ya kera."
Ku wa gatanu ushize, Harpex Index, ipima ibiciro by’ubukode bw’amato atandukanye, yagabanutseho 77% ugereranyije n’igihe yari igeze ku rwego rwo hejuru muri Werurwe 2022 igera ku manota 1059. Ariko, igipimo cyo kugabanuka uyu mwaka cyaragabanutse, kandi igipimo cyarahagaze mu byumweru bishize, kikikuba kabiri agaciro mbere y’icyorezo cya 2019 muri Gashyantare.
Nk’uko raporo ziherutse gukorwa na Alphaliner zibigaragaza, nyuma y’uko umwaka mushya w’Ubushinwa urangiye, icyifuzo cyo gukodesha amato yo mu bwoko bwa konteyineri cyariyongereye, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukodesha buracyari buke mu masoko menshi y’amato atandukanye, bigaragaza ko ibiciro byo gukodesha bizazamuka mu byumweru biri imbere.
Amato manini n'amato y'amakontenari akunzwe cyane.
Ibi biterwa nuko, mu gihe cyiza cy’isoko, amato manini hafi ya yose yasinye amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imyaka myinshi atararangira. Byongeye kandi, amwe mu mato manini agomba kuvugururwa uyu mwaka yamaze kongera amasezerano y’ubukode bw’amato mu mwaka ushize.
Indi mpinduka ikomeye ni uko igihe cyo gukodesha cyagabanijwe cyane. Kuva mu Kwakira umwaka ushize, GSL yakodesheje amato yayo ane mu gihe cy’amezi icumi.
Nk’uko Braemar, umucuruzi w’ubwato, yabitangaje muri uku kwezi, MSC yakodesheje ubwato bwa TEU Hansa Europe bwo mu bwoko bwa 3469 mu gihe cy’amezi 2-4 ku giciro cya $17.400 ku munsi, n’ubwato bwa TEU Atlantic West bwo mu bwoko bwa 1355 mu gihe cy’amezi 5-7 ku giciro cya $13.000 ku munsi. Hapag-Lloyd yakodesheje ubwato bwa TEU Maira bwo mu bwoko bwa 2506 mu gihe cy’amezi 4-7 ku giciro cya $17.750 ku munsi. CMA CGM iherutse gukodesha ubwato bune: ubwato bwa TEU Hope Island bwo mu bwoko bwa 3434 mu gihe cy’amezi 8-10 ku giciro cya $17.250 ku munsi; ubwato bwa TEU Atlantic Discoverer bwo mu bwoko bwa 2754 mu gihe cy’amezi 10-12 ku giciro cya $17.000 ku munsi; ubwato bwa TEU Sheng An bwo mu bwoko bwa 17891 mu gihe cy’amezi 6-8 ku giciro cya $14.500 ku munsi; n'ubwato bwa TEU Atlantic West bwo mu bwoko bwa 1355 mu gihe cy'amezi 5-7 ku giciro cya $13.000 ku munsi.
Ingaruka ziyongera ku bigo bikodesha
Umubare w’amakodesha y’ubwato wabaye ikibazo gikomeye ku bigo bikodesha amato. Nubwo amato menshi y’ayo masosiyete yakodeshejwe muri uyu mwaka, bizagenda bite nyuma y’ibyo?
Mu gihe amasosiyete y’ubwikorezi yakira amato mashya kandi akoresha lisansi menshi ava mu bigo by’ubwato, ashobora kudasubiramo amasezerano y’ubukode ku mato ashaje igihe azaba arangiye. Niba abakodesha badashobora kubona abakodesha bashya cyangwa badashobora kubona inyungu mu bukode, bazahura n’igihe cyo kudakora cyangwa amaherezo bagahitamo kuyakuraho.
MPC na GSL byombi bishimangira ko ubwinshi bw'amato n'ingaruka zishobora kubaho ku bakodesha amato mu by'ukuri bishyira igitutu ku bwoko bw'amato manini gusa. Umuyobozi Mukuru wa MPC Constantin Baack yavuze ko igice kinini cy'amato atumijwe ari ay'amato manini, kandi uko ubwoko bw'amato buto, niko umubare w'amato ugabanutse.
Baack yanavuze ko amabwiriza aherutse gutangwa ashyigikira ubwato bukoresha lisansi ebyiri bushobora gukoresha LNG cyangwa methanol, bukwiriye ubwato bunini. Ku bwato buto bukora mu bucuruzi bwo mu karere, nta bikorwa remezo bihagije bya lisansi ya LNG na methanol.
Raporo iheruka ya Alphaliner ivuga ko 92% by'amakontena mashya yatumijwe muri uyu mwaka ari amato ya LNG cyangwa methanol ashobora gukoresha lisansi, ugereranyije na 86% by'umwaka ushize.
Lister wo muri GSL yagaragaje ko ubushobozi bw'amato ya konteyineri ku giciro cyatumijwe bungana na 29% by'ubushobozi busanzwe, ariko ku mato arenga 10.000 TEU, iki gipimo ni 52%, mu gihe ku mato mato, ari 14% gusa. Biteganijwe ko igipimo cyo gucika kw'amato kiziyongera muri uyu mwaka, bigatuma ubushobozi nyabwo buzamuka buhoro.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-24-2023